According to the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, the opposite is true. Triggers can be hard to predict, and they vary from individual to individual, but communicating the nature of your content builds audience trust. NCDJ Recommendation: Use person with chemical intolerance or people with environmental illness. Do not use chemophobic as it is considered derogatory. People with addiction use substances or engage in behaviors that become compulsive and often continue despite harmful consequences, according to the American Academy of Pain Medicine. Down syndrome is the most common chromosomal condition. As retired clinical psychologist and disability rights advocate Katherine Schneider notes, You take care of property To people you give care.. The terms also are misleading, as wheelchairs can liberate people, allowing them to move about, and they are inaccurate, as people who use wheelchairs are not permanently confined to them but are transferred to sleep, sit in chairs, drive cars, etc. The case for nonspeaking is outlined by the non-profit organization The Guild for Human Services. NCDJ Recommendation: Do not call someone disfigured as it is considered derogatory. The device does not fully restore hearing, but it gives a representation of sounds to help a person understand speech. Most people know that strokes can cause one side of the face to droop, weakness of an arm or a leg, trouble walking, and slurred speech. In the past, we have encouraged journalists and others to use person-first language (such as, a person who has Down syndrome rather than a Down syndrome person) as a default. Keep in mind that it may not be relevant to include in a story how an individual communicates as long as the communication is clear. See entry on Dissociative identity disorder/multiple personality disorder. The pandemic altered the way many people think about disability, as people who had never encountered such obstacles were suddenly unable to leave their houses. Background: Psychosis is a broad term used to describe symptoms of certain mental health problems that include delusions or hallucinations or other loss of contact with reality. Disability advocate Anthony Pulrang defines ableism in this way in an article for Forbes: Any statement or behavior directed at a disabled person that denigrates or assumes a lesser status for the person because of their disability. NCDJ Recommendation: Do not use the term freak to describe a person with a disability as it is derogatory. However, the word deformity has a negative connotation when used in reference to those with disabilities. Use the term dwarf only when applied to a medical diagnosis or in a quote. Background: The Merck Manual ddefines vegetative state as the absence of responsiveness or consciousness in which patients show no awareness of their environment. It is characterized by unusually intense shifts in emotion, energy, behavior and activity levels in what are called mood episodes. Such episodes are usually classified as manic, hypomanic, depressive or mixed episodes. See also Deaf; Cochlear implant and Hard of hearing. Use quotes when officials or family members use a term such as a history of mental illness to refer to an individual, and when appropriate, indicate that the diagnosis has not been confirmed. AP style: The style book urges avoidance of the term special education and suggests trying to be specific about the needs or services in question. Hearing loss can be due to a wide array of things, including: malformation of the ear. Able-bodied is an appropriate term to use in some cases, such as when referring to government reports on the proportion of able-bodied members in the workforce. NCDJ Recommendation: The word stuttering is preferred over stammering. While people-first language is generally preferred (a person who stutters), some individuals may prefer stutterer. When possible, ask. permanently and substantially confined to their immediate premises. Genetic disorders can be caused by a mutation in one gene (monogenic disorder), by mutations in multiple genes (multifactorial inheritance disorder), by a combination of gene mutations and environmental factors, or by damage to chromosomes (changes in the number or structure of entire chromosomes, the structures that carry genes).. See also Epilepsy/epileptic/epileptic fit. Instead, state the nature of the disability or injury. NCDJ Recommendation: Non-disabled or does not have a disability are acceptable terms when referring to people who do not identify as having a disability. Journalists also may want to include such warnings in material distributed to a general audience. Be cautious about calling someone an ableist just as you would be cautious about calling someone a racist or a sexist. Some provide emotional therapy as well as medication management. A child learns to speak by hearing the speech of others in the family and surroundings. Limited vision: Acceptable when a person is not legally or completely blind, Low vision: Acceptable when a person is not legally or completely blind. Avoid using the word shrink in reference to a mental health professional except in a quote. Signs and symptoms of dysarthria vary, depending on the underlying cause and the type of dysarthria. Background: Total blindness is the complete lack of perception of either light or form. Avoid made-up words like diversability and handicapable unless using them in direct quotes or to refer to a movement or organization. Most are proud to be Deaf. NCDJ Recommendation: Avoid using hearing impaired or hearing impairment. For those with total hearing loss or who identity as a member of the Deaf community, deaf is acceptable. Use attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder on first reference; ADHD is acceptable on second reference. Complications from spina bifida range from minor physical problems to significant intellectual and physical disabilities. AP style: Cripple is considered offensive when used to describe a person who is lame or disabled. First, we would like to offer some basic guidelines: Of course, our sources dont always speak the way we write. Many people with intellectual disabilities and their advocates consider these terms to be dismissive or reductive of a persons abilities. Webwhy is hearing impaired a slur. Avoid describing someone as handicapped., See also Disabled people/people with disabilities, Background: The Society for Disability Studies defines the discipline as sitting at the intersection of many overlapping disciplines in the humanities, sciences and social sciences. Then numbers were assigned to words not just mentally retarded, but also terms like imbecile, idiot and moron.. Avoid saying a person suffers from or is afflicted with the disease. Deaf-mute was traditionally used to refer to people who can neither speak nor hear in traditional ways. Background: The Oxford English dictionary defines an invalid as a person made weak or disabled by illness or injury. It is probably the oldest term for someone with physical conditions that are considered seriously limiting. AP style: Not specifically addressed, but the style book refers to mental health professional in an entry on mental illness. NCDJ Recommendation: Avoid using the terms high functioning and low functioning. Instead, use medical diagnoses and describe an individuals abilities and challenges, rather than using less-specific labels. NCDJ Recommendation: Use Plain English or Plain Language but confirm with the source that that is the correct terminology. The technique was originally developed to help those with significant developmental disabilities, such as some forms of autism and cerebral palsy. Inability to speak louder than a whisper or speaking too loudly. Background: People who use mobility equipment such as a wheelchair, scooter or cane consider the equipment part of their personal space, according to the United Spinal Association. NCDJ Recommendation: Avoid referring to someone with a disability as sick or to their disability as a sickness. If a person is receiving medical treatment, then the word patient is appropriate; however, it should be avoided outside of a medical context. In the first case, we suggest the answer is no. The fact that someone uses a wheelchair does not make the airplane noise any more or less irritating. If a medical diagnosis is not available, use quotes around the term and indicate that a diagnosis has not been confirmed. However, whenever possible, ask the individual which term they prefer. Do not refer to an unsuccessful suicide attempt. Refer instead to an attempted suicide.. Otherwise, paraphrase and use a more acceptable term. en abril 28, 2022 abril 28, 2022 moaning minnie synonym. The center also recommends using the word misuse in place of abuse when describing harmful drug usage. NCDJ Recommendation: Avoid referring to an individual as a paraplegic. Background: Prelingually deaf refers to individuals who were born deaf or became deaf prior to learning to understand and speak a language, according to Gallaudet University, a university for the education of the deaf and hard of hearing in Washington, D.C. Postlingually deaf or late-deafened describes people who lost their hearing ability after they learned to speak a language. Ask people how they want to be described. WebMD explains the difference between epilepsy and seizures in this way: Seizures, abnormal movements or behavior due to unusual electrical activity in the brain, are a symptom ofepilepsy. For more information, consult the U.S. Department of Justice Civil Rights Division Disability Rights Section. But it should not be used when referring to a specific person or to a group of people with a specific condition. Whenever possible, specify the specific illness a person has rather than mental illness in general. They also are sometimes called assistance animals, guide dogs, or Seeing Eye dogs. Do not use OCD as an adjective for someone who obsesses over certain things but has not been formally diagnosed with the disorder. There is an advocacy movement around this concept that argues against the idea that there is one normal or healthy type of brain or mind or one right style of neurocognitive functioning. AP style: The style book suggests using the term survivor with care because it can be imprecise, among other reasons. AP style: Not addressed, although AP does not use the abbreviation MD. They are frequently used by nonspeaking individuals and those with limited vocabulary to aid or replace oral speech. For us, this really emphasizes the fact that no two people are the same either with regard to disabilities or language preferences. WebAccording to the National Association of the Deaf, there are approximately 28 million deaf and hearing-impaired people in the U.S.--roughly 10 percent of the total population. Many people in the Deaf community and organizations, including the National Association of the Deaf, support the use of these terms. Referring to someone who does not have a disability as a normal person implies that people with disabilities are deviant or strange. The guide was developed by the National Center on Disability and Journalism at Arizona State Universitys Walter Cronkite School of Journalism and Mass Communication and was last updated in the summer of 2021. NCDJ Recommendation: Do not say someone has had a seizure unless there has been a medical diagnosis. NCDJ Recommendation: The NCDJ endorses The Associated Press style, below. NCDJ Recommendation: The term may not be understood by all, so an explanation may be required. This condition also has been called long haul and people with it, long haulers.. People with disabilities spoke out on social media about this, and long haulers now understand firsthand what some people with disabilities experience. Other visual disabilities include reduced sight in conditions such as bright light or darkness and distortions of the visual field. Many chronic health conditions also are considered invisible disabilities, depending on their severity and impact on daily living. Background: The Americans with Disabilities Act is federal civil rights legislation that was signed into law in 1990 to address discrimination on the basis of disability in employment, public accommodations, transportation and telecommunications as well as state and local government services. Background: According to the University of Kansas Research & Training Center on Independent Living, learning disability describes a neurologically based condition that may manifest itself as difficulty learning and using skills in reading (called dyslexia), writing (dysgraphia), mathematics (dyscalculia) and other cognitive processes due to differences in how the brain processes information. NCDJ Recommendation: It is acceptable to describe a person as someone with muscular dystrophy, followed by a short explanation of what the condition entails. However, symptoms vary across the spectrum. It does not involve split personalities. Severity and symptoms vary widely. A signer is a person who may be able to communicate conversationally with deaf persons but who may not necessarily possess the skills and expertise to accurately interpret complex dialogue or information, according to the . Thats OK. You may end up using a derogatory term in a direct quote, but be certain that its fundamental to the story. Brain damage. Background: Diversability is a term coined by Tiffany Yu, a disability rights advocate. Do not say the person had a fit or had an epileptic fit.. Many prefer people-first language, such as a person with quadriplegia rather than quadriplegic, since the latter implies that the condition defines them. Avoid using defect or defective when describing a disability because the terms imply that the person is somehow incomplete or sub-par. Background: Mental illness is an umbrella term for many different conditions that affect how individuals act, think, feel or perceive the world.. In general, avoid using able-bodied except in a quote. Help them exercise regularly. (There are physical considerations that rule out cochlear implants for some.). Psychologist: A mental health professional trained in the discipline of psychology and who often does psychological testing and research. This is caused by the muscles that are used to create speech not functioning properly or to their best ability. The word special in relationship to those with disabilities is now widely considered offensive because it euphemistically stigmatizes that which is different. Some prefer the term congenital disorder. Although technology is making it easier for libraries to provide effective Senator John McCain died in the summer of 2018. NCDJ Recommendation: Ask the person with a disability how they prefer to be described; if thats not possible, ask a spokesperson for the organization representing the relevant disability for preferred terminology. Background: The Oxford English Dictionary defines neurodiversity as the range of differences in individual brain function and behavioral traits, regarded as part of the normal variation in the human population (used especially in the context of autism spectrum disorders). The word was coined in the late 1990s. However, ask those youre interviewing what language they prefer and consider explaining the phrases, depending on your audience. Some consider it condescending, offensive or simply a way of avoiding talking about disability. People with cerebral palsy can exhibit a variety of symptoms. Also, according to NOAH, the term albino has been used throughout history in a hateful way; therefore many prefer the people-first term, person with albinism.. NCDJ Recommendation: Avoid using defect or defective when describing a disability. Avoid using it casually as it may be offensive and inaccurate. They have come to replace labels such as amputee or malformation, deformation or anomaly. AP style: The stylebook says birth defect is acceptable in broad references, such as lessening the chances of birth defects. I am Hard of Hearing (HoH), If thats not possible, ask a spokesperson for the organization representing the relevant disability for preferred terminology. The Autism Self Advocacy Network details this debate. The term special education is still widely used when referring to public school programs, although some government entities use titles like exceptional student services.. In Franco-Provenal (the Romance speech of French Switzerland and adjacent areas of France), a person affected by hypothyroidism was called a cretin, literally, wretch, innocent victim, The word meant simply Christian and emphasized the hypothyroid victims basic humanity.. Neurodiversity basically means that brains operate differently and thats not a bad thing. People may refer to themselves as limb different or as being part of a limb different community or as having an upper or lower body limb difference. Examples of developmental disabilities include autism spectrum disorder, spina bifida, cerebral palsy and intellectual disabilities. Slurred speech without alcohol is linked to a variety of diagnoses that are cause for concern, including: Multiple Sclerosis Brain Tumors Lyme Disease Head Injury Cerebral Palsy Stroke Referring to someone as a paraplegic is offensive to some people as it implies that their condition defines them. Slurred speech without alcohol is linked to a variety of And if you cant ask the person, dont avoid writing about disability. Background: The terms hearing impaired and hearing impairment are sometimes used to describe people with hearing loss that ranges from partial to complete. NCDJ Recommendation: Blind may be used for people who have complete or almost complete loss of sight. Dont use the term SPED as shorthand for special education. But what is relevant is not always clear. More. According to the University of Kansas Research & Training Center on Independent Living, post-polio syndrome is a condition that affects some persons who have had poliomyelitis (polio) long after recovery from the disease. NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to someone as having OCD only if the information is relevant to the story and youre confident there is a medical diagnosis. NCDJ Recommendation: The terms service animal, assistance animal and guide dog all are acceptable. These same considerations apply when covering other 12-step programs, such as Narcotics Anonymous or Gamblers Anonymous. In the case of a leg injury, explain instead that an injury resulted in difficulty walking. The stylebook cautions against using mental health terms to describe non-health issues. Ask your sources how they want to be described. National Center on Disability and Journalism, American Psychiatric Association discourages, National Organization on Albinism and Hypopigmentation (NOAH), National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, .
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