Pain occurs when one of the substances presents either a deficiency or an excess, or is separated in the body and not mixed with others. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Simple statistics like frequency distribution, percentile were used. Nature of qualitative evidence. Bookshelf The other criterion was the interest shown by the health extension workers to collaborate in the study. This study aimed to explore the socio-cultural context of indigenous beliefs regarding ill-health among five Tehuledere communities found in the Amhara Regional State of Ethiopia. and imbalance amongfour vital "humors within us. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan. The culture of the Tehuledere region reflects a mix of pre-Christian indigenous beliefs, as well as Christian, Muslim and migrant Cushitic Oromo (largest ethnic groups in Ethiopia) influences. 2015;29(2):12736. Many authors have described cultures in which illness is believed to be caused by supernatural forces including witchcraft, sorcery, breaching taboos and disease-causing spirits (e.g., [2225]). HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help He attended St. Xaviers College, Maitighar, Kathmandu, Nepal, to complete his Master of Science in Microbiology. noted that such explanations of disease causation are widely found in non-western societies and have perhaps attracted most attention due to their radical departure from those prevailing in Modern Western Societies. The sample was diverse in terms of age and sex and agro-ecological condition of the setting. Fracastoro's contagion theory of disease (1546) Germ theory: Louis Pasteur , Lister and others introduced the germ theory in 1878. California Privacy Statement, Germ theory emerged in the 19th Century, but it built on two notions that had earlier incarnations. An official website of the United States government. The breakthrough came in 1860, when the French bacteriologist Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) demonstrated the presence of bacteria in air. 2022 Jul 4. People in our village sterilize the equipment they use for these purposes. If Allah wants you to stay healthy, you stay healthy. Glory Bassey. Ethiop J Health Dev. They also articulated the role of natural causes and social relationships in maintaining good health. Bryman A. 36 0 obj <> endobj Similar to other cultural groups in developing countries around the world [11], many of the Tehuledere people attribute illness to the wrath of supernatural forces. Due to restrictions set by the Addis Ababa University, College of Health Science Institutional Review Board, data are available upon request by contacting the corresponding author. CAS Soc Sci Med. Data obtained from observations and conversations were recorded in field notes, photographs, and audio-recordings. Germ theory of disease was proposed by Louis Pasteur. Disease is an important entity in healthcare. and transmitted securely. Interviews lasted 11.25h, were conducted in the informants private homes or while sitting in public spaces in the villages (See Additional file 1 for the complete interview guide). Study participants were adults over 30years of age identified by health extension workers in the area to be knowledgeable about local health traditions who were willing to participate in a conversation about their health. Traditional health care delivery in contemporary Africa. American journal of public health (New York, N.Y. : 1912),11(10), 908912. and Diagnosis After teaching microbiology for more than four years, he joined the Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, to pursue his Ph.D. in collaboration with Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Saarbrucken, Germany. The key themes that emerged from the focus groups and participatory observation were explored and refined in the interviews, but no new themes emerged from the interviews. For example, the qallicha It held that diseases such ascholera,chlamydia infection, or theBlack Deathwere caused by amiasma, a noxious form of bad air emanating from rotting organic matter. Therefore, the explanatory model of illness causation in this community was very similar to that of the Murdock model with one key difference: social elements need to be added to the model. These two individuals met regularly to discuss emerging themes and to refine code definitions, with periodic input from the entire research team, until agreement was reached on codes and their definitions. Proceedings of the First National Conference on the Revision of National Health Policy. Understanding perceptions of the causes of ill-health common in indigenous communities may help policy makers to design effective integrated primary health care strategies to serve these communities. Like all research, out study has both strengths and limitations. It states that microorganisms known as pathogens or "germs" can lead to disease. This study found that among the Tehuledere there are a wide range of perceptions regarding the causation of illness. These two ideas were fully appreciated . Being healthy means alemelekef [not having a spell]. Similar to Murdock, we have categorized these as natural causes of ill-health. L. W. Feezer. These discoveries and a host of others at the turn of the century marked a turning point in our aetiological concepts. Department of Pharmaceutics and Social Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. This finding is not explained by Murdocks model and thus this study contributes an additional element to Murdocks ill-health theoretical model. 1). According to this theory, it is important to distinguish between beliefs about the natural and supernatural causes of illness and disease. In clinical medicine we are confronted by a patient P with certain complaints, and eventually a diagnosis is reached because the clinical findings suggest that P has a certain disease D.Trying to understand what has happened, we may ask: why did our patient P catch the diseased D? Unusual causes of emergence of antimicrobial drug resistance, Effect of the Gayatri Mantra Playing on Microbial Load in Room Air. Beliefs on the causes of birth defects as perceived by mothers of children with birth defects in a tertiary care hospital in the Philippines. The people in this area are members of the Amhara ethnic group and are largely Muslims. Federal Ministry of Health. The outlook regarding disease causation has changed considerably with time and advancements in science. Two principal etiologies are identified: personalistic and naturalistic. Our study provides an excellent example of why health education and primary health care delivery interventions need to take into account what people actually do and the beliefs that drive their actions. As part of this endeavor, we will describe in this paper seven common Filipino cultural beliefs: namamana, lihi, sumpa, gaba, pasma, namaligno, and kaloob ng Diyos. Witchcraft beliefs in diseases causation and health-seeking behaviour in pregnancy of women in Calabar South-Nigeria . It would seem that any apprehensiveness is likely to have been eased, by the generally friendly and mutually respectful rapport most people have with their respective health extension workers. Homosexual Mathematician Who Rescued the World Still Died In Disgrace: The Br Configuration of audiogram_de6f98ffd3d657e86d774387bbfaf319.pdf, Science-What-do-plants-need-to-grow-PowerPoint.pptx, Associative_Memory_Neural_Networks_pptx.pptx, No public clipboards found for this slide, Enjoy access to millions of presentations, documents, ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and more. 2010;20:84558. The researchers pursued various strategies to assure the quality of the qualitative data. Murdock G. Theory of illness. Understanding the study communities perceptions of illness causation and ways of preventing diseases is very important in designing good health promotion and disease prevention strategies [28, 29]. The French chemist and microbiologist Louis Pasteur, the English surgeon Joseph Lister, and the German physician Robert Koch are given much of the credit for development and acceptance of the theory. Belief in God or Allah was extremely prevalent in the study communities. 2005;60:50113. In addition, all participants who participated in the focus groups and interviews gave informed consent either in writing or verbally (for those who were illiterate) after they were provided information about the nature of the study, and assurances that specific comments would not be attributed to specific participants. Theory of illness causation is an important issue in all biomedical sciences, and solid etiological explanations are needed in order to develop therapeutic approaches in medicine and preventive interventions in public health. J Genet Couns. Ali A. Why Covid lab-leak theory is so disputed. Epub 2016 Sep 11. Thousand Oaks: Sage; 2007. A. The authors declare that they have no competing interests. GERM THEORY Germ theory: Microbes (germs) were found to be the cause for many known diseases. Activate your 30 day free trialto unlock unlimited reading. Sicknesses, epidemics, contagious diseases and even death were explained in terms of punishment by enraged qolle spirits. Infections were also identified as a common cause of illnesses: The use of non-sterilized sharp things for removing a childs milk teeth and female circumcision is consequential. It is hoped that the model of illness causation identified in this study will help to enhance the rural health plan for the 5 villages of Tehuledere Woreda and beyond. At home, we spread grass on the floor, we chew Khat in the name of Abduye, Kedir or Nura Hussien [the gods for Wednesday, Saturday and Tuesday respectively] to get the Melayka (angel) into our homes, to get the Wukabe[nature-spirit] close to us, to be heard by the gods. germ theory, in medicine, the theory that certain diseases are caused by the invasion of the body by microorganisms, organisms too small to be seen except through a microscope. government site. Park, K. (n.d.). The relevance of traditional medicinal cultures to modern primary health care. This study further underscores the need to incorporate folk theories of disease causation, gender and malaria issues into malaria control strategies in order to improve their coverage and effectiveness in different contexts. Gordis, L. (2014). This broad category includes five distinct types of natural causes of illness: infection, stress, organic deterioration, accident, and overt human aggression. This ethnographic exploration with the study communities in Tehuledere revealed that perceived causes of ill-health can be grouped into three main categories: supernatural, natural, and social elements. The authors declare that they have no competing interests tertiary care hospital in the 19th Century but! Health-Seeking behaviour in pregnancy of women in Calabar South-Nigeria emergence of antimicrobial drug,! 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