We help them increase crop yield, improving livelihoods and offering alternatives to poaching. This photo depicts a portion of the base of the smack, illustrating the dense concentration of jellyfish. ~ Geo Cloete, ? (1999). On an average, the north equatorial warm current flows from east to west but this saline current is deflected northward when it crosses the mid-Atlantic Ridge near 15N latitude. This has led to major pollution and overfishing. Click the image for a larger view. Kilwa Kisiwani, located on the southern coast of modern-day Tanzania, is a prime example of how city-states in Africa developed and became wealthy while maintaining autonomous rule. On the east coast of Africaat the western edge of the Indian Oceanlies a narrow strip of land that has hosted travelers for thousands of years. The Protectorate of Uganda and the Colony of Kenya were located in a rich farmland area mostly appropriate for the cultivation of cash crops like coffee and tea, as well as for animal husbandry with products produced from cattle and goats, such as goat meat, beef and milk. The largest ethnic groups in eastern Africa are the Oromo, Cushitic speakers who occupy much of southern Ethiopia, and the related Somali, who occupy all of Somalia, southeastern Ethiopia, and much of Djibouti. A Ugandan lawmaker on Tuesday introduced draft legislation that he said seeks to prohibit homosexuality in the East African country, voicing widespread anti-gay sentiment that has peaked in recent days, A Paris court is set to rule on a case pitting French and Ugandan environmentalist groups against oil giant TotalEnergies regarding a major oil field and pipeline projects in east Africa, U.S. first lady Jill Biden has gotten an up-close look at the historic East Africa drought, A judge in Kenya has ruled that Facebooks parent company, Meta, can be sued in the East African country. It consists of 18 countries and 2 dependencies. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Sunday 6 October 2002. eastern Africa, part of sub-Saharan Africa comprising two traditionally recognized regions: East Africa, made up of Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda; and the Horn of Africa, made up of Somalia, Djibouti, Eritrea, and Ethiopia. Wild dogs, black rhinos and lions also roam its forests and grasslands. WWF helped Mozambique establish the Quirimbas marine reserve in 2002. Source: British Library. Africa is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Red Sea to the northeast, Indian Ocean to the east, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. Networking & debating APP subscribers only, TRUSTED CONSERVATION PROJECTS Consequently there has been much contact over the past two thousand years among the peoples who inhabit its shores. Sharm el-Sheikh has become . [29], According to both genetic and fossil evidence, it has been posited that archaic Homo sapiens evolved into anatomically modern humans in the Horn of Africa around 200,000 years ago and dispersed from there. 1. West of the Rwenzoris and Ethiopian highlands, the rainfall pattern is more typically tropical, with rain throughout the year near the equator and a single wet season in most of the Ethiopian Highlands from June to September contracting to July and August around Asmara. WWF works to sustain the natural world for the benefit of people and wildlife, collaborating with partners from local to global levels in nearly 100 countries. I saw this compass jellyfish at the safety stop at five metres after completion of the dive. Like their predecessors, the Omani Arabs were primarily able only to control the coastal areas, not the interior. The latter also spread Islam to the coastal belt, but most Bantu remained African Traditional Religion adherents. This includes some of the biggest animals in the sea: whale sharks, giant manta rays, humpback whales, dolphins, tiger sharks, and all the colors and wonder of tropical fish and coral reefs. Eastern Africa is populated by 160 different ethnic groups or more, depending on the method of counting. Trade, which seems to have been by barter, was considerable, with the main export probably of ivory. To reduce illegal fishing, WWF supports local rangers who monitor artisanal fisheries. So vast that it's not known as the 'East Coast', the way the West Coast is known as the 'West Coast' - probably because the Eastern Cape makes up such a large portion of it, leading to confusion. Carefully selected conservation projects one-stop, seamless, transparent donations APP subscribers only. A windswept and beautiful coast is the face that South Africa presents to the world - at turns tempestuous and tamed, stormy and sublime. In Mozambique, WWF helped initiate a new law that makes TEDs mandatory in the countrys shrimp trawl fleet. Overharvesting of timber and illegal commercial logging continue to threaten forests in Coastal East Africa. Mozambique, Tanzania and Kenya are not only sources of ivory, but also major conduits for illegal wildlife trade. eastern Africa, part of sub-Saharan Africa comprising two traditionally recognized regions: East Africa, made up of Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda; and the Horn of Africa, made up of Somalia, Djibouti, Eritrea, and Ethiopia. Indo-European languages, such as English, French and Portuguese, remain important in higher institutions in some parts of the larger region. The state also established its hegemony over the declining Kingdom of Kush and regularly entered the politics of the kingdoms on the Arabian peninsula, eventually extending its rule over the region with the conquest of the Himyarite Kingdom. It flows south along the east coast of Africafrom 27S to 40S. We also provide tools to reduce conflict with wildlife. Foreigners operate large-scale industrial fisheries along the coast, exporting most of the catch. Starting in the 1850s, the small protectorate of Djibouti became French Somaliland in 1897. Compass in the dark at Atlantis Reef dive site, Simons Town, South Africa Peet J. van Eeden (Photographer of the Year 2017 Top 101), I went diving at the newly discovered Atlantis reef. The 2000 population is expected to quintuple over the course of the 21st century, to 1.6billion as of 2100 (UN estimates as of 2017). Annual rainfall here ranges from over 1,600mm (63in) on the western slopes to around 1,250mm (49in) at Addis Ababa and 550mm (22in) at Asmara. The Omani Arabs posed the most direct challenge to Portuguese influence in the African Great Lakes region.By this time, the Portuguese Empire had already lost its interest on the spice trade sea route due to the decreasing profitability of that business. Drink. Let's work together to safeguard these globally important reefs for the benefit of communities, the marine ecosystem, the nations of Kenya . [70] In 1922, the British gained a League of Nations mandate over Tanganyika which it administered until Independence was granted to Tanganyika in 1961. Coastal storms bring stronger winds creating greater wave damage along shorelines. The most important site of this period yet to have been found is at Manda, near Lamu, on the Kenyan coast. The region also comprises the countries of Somalia, Djibouti, and Eritrea, which are . Ranger in Udzungwe National Park, Tanzania. Linguistic evidence also indicates that Bantus most likely borrowed the custom of milking cattle directly from Cushitic peoples in the area. [citation needed] As cattle terminology in use amongst the few modern Bantu pastoralist groups suggests, the Bantu migrants would acquire cattle from their new Cushitic neighbors. Burundi, Rwanda, and Uganda have each faced instability and ethnic conflict since independence, most notably the 1994 Rwandan genocide and the 1993 Burundi genocide and subsequent Burundian Civil War. The school of fish represents the ozone, and the reef below is Earth. East African Islands Type: territory Description: Islands in the Indian Ocean off the eastern coast of Africa. From the base, several columns stretched up high into the water column. Among these languages are Kikuyu, Luhya, Kinyarwanda, Kirundi, Kisukuma, Luganda and many others. The equator runs through Africa, from Gabon in the west to Somalia in the east, and nearly splits the continent into two equal parts. Klemetti, E. (2020), Are we seeing a new ocean starting . There appears also to have been a rather extensive trade with the island of Madagascar. . [74] In Ethiopia, there is an estimated population of 102million as of 2016.[75]. Coastal East Africa encompasses a beautiful tapestry of land and seafrom mountains and grasslands to mangroves and fringing coral reefs. By the late nineteenth century, the slave trade on the open seas had been completely outlawed by the British and the Omani Arabs had little ability to resist the British navy's ability to enforce the directive. This current is generated because of upwelling of cold water near the west coast of Africa. Mafia Island, which lies out to sea here, could perhaps be Menouthias, the only island named in both the Periplus and the Guide, although this could also be either Pemba or Zanzibar (perhaps there has been a conflation of all three in the one name). Joint operations have also improved the collaboration among different law enforcement institutions. Elephants and other wildlife require freedom to roam in search of food and freshwater. Portugal had first established a strong presence in southern Mozambique and the Indian Ocean since the 15th century, while during this period their possessions increasingly grew including parts from the present northern Mozambique country, up to Mombasa in present-day Kenya. Speakers of Nilo-Saharan languages populate Uganda and the rift valley portions of Kenya and Tanzania, while speakers of Bantu languages constitute much of the remainder of these countries population. The child here is unidentified except that he is beind held for sale as a slave. Over several centuries countless East Africans were sold as slaves by Muslim Arabs to the Middle East and other places via the Sahara desert and Indian Ocean. Ethiopia remained independent until 1936 when, after the Second Italo-Abyssinian War, it became part of Italian East Africa. A man exercises on an unseasonably warm December day in New York City. [49], After their movements from their original homeland in West Africa, Bantus also encountered in central east Africa peoples of Cushitic origin. Popular Destinations Tanzania Roland Oliver, et al. It must be a long-term collective commitment to protecting what connects us - our ocean. Lamu is one of the oldest Swahili settlements in East Africa. Fig. (2009 est.) We work on sustainable use of natural resources, such as certified timber or fisheries, which also creates incentives for conservation. In: The Spice Trade of the Roman Empire. The ethnic fabric in Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda is much more fragmented, with many smaller peoples intermingled or occupying discrete territories. Stay safe. The Gulf Stream is a powerful western boundary current in the North Atlantic Ocean that strongly influences the climate of the East Coast of the United States and many Western European countries. Not a lot is known about the species, but they occur in deep water reefs and is vulnerable to overfishing. Sadly, when it comes to the ocean, the out of sight out of mind way of thinking often applies. Organised by The Society for Arabian Studies. Here the situation differed somewhat from that in the north, and, though tortoiseshell and rhinoceros horn were exported from thereas were quantities of ivory and coconut oilno mention is made of slaves. We work with famers to improve soil fertility, resulting in greater yield on less land. Aksum was at the time ruled by Zoskales, who also governed the port of Adulis. Blue sharks have the largest distribution range around the globe, and are unfortunately the shark species targeted the most by fishermen for their fins. ~ Geo Cloete, ? Please select which sections you would like to print: Smuts Professor of Commonwealth History, University of Cambridge. Azania Vol. Coverage of the regions physical and human geography can be found in the article Africa. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. The subregion stretches from Eritrea in the north to Mozambique in the south. The Western Hemisphere includes about half of Antarctica and all of North and South America which includes the Caribbean and Central America as well as Greenland. For example, men from local villages are now employed as game scouts, patrolling for poachers over hundreds of miles, often on foot. Vast coastlines and active ports, combined with inadequate law enforcement and customs capacity, allow for large-scale shipments to move easily into international markets in Asia. [40][41], The migration route of the "Out of Africa" theory probably occurred in East Africa however through Bab el Mandeb. Shaped by global plate tectonic forces that have created the East African Rift, East Africa is the site of Mount Kilimanjaro and Mount Kenya, the two tallest peaks in Africa. We collaborate with authorities on a comprehensive investigation of illegal practices in an effort to create new policies and standards that mandate sustainable forest management and trade. "Africa South of the Equator," in Africa Since 1800. Precipitation also is affected by varying elevation: Uganda, Tanzania, and western Kenya receive plentiful rainfall, while Somalia, eastern Ethiopia, and northeastern Kenya receive far less. These city-states built connections to the rest of the world while maintaining cultural, political, and economic connections with each other. [25][26], According to the theory of the recent African origin of modern humans, the predominantly held belief among most archaeologists, East Africa in the area of the African Great Lakes is where anatomically modern humans first appeared. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. The Eastern, or Great, Rift Valley extends from the Red Seas junction with the Gulf of Aden southward across the highlands of Ethiopia and Kenya and continues on into Tanzania. There is evidence of a considerable iron-smelting industry at Manda and of a lesser one at Kilwa. Coastal erosion threatens the nesting beaches of marine turtles and harms mangrove forestswhich are already being battered from increased storm surges, and vulnerable to future sea level rise. Ruins at Kilwa, on the southern Tanzanian coast, probably date from the 9th or perhaps from the 8th century. For discussion of the physical and human geography of individual countries in the region and of their late colonial and postcolonial history, see Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Tanzania, and Uganda. Aromatic gums, tortoiseshell, ivory, and slaves were traded in return. Along the beaches and within coral reefs and seagrass beds, five species of marine turtles nest and feed: green turtle, hawksbill, olive ridley, loggerhead and leatherback. Tanzania has known stable government since independence although there are significant political and religious tensions resulting from the political union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar in 1964. This answer is: The Periplus describes in some detail the shore of what was to become northern Somalia. WWF encourages the use of turtle excluder devices (TEDs) in shrimp trawlers, which allow marine turtles to escape from nets. The major difference between conservation of the animals on the land and that of the sea is that 30 million people rely on the coastal reef ecosystems to subsist and sustain their livelihoods. With $1.9 million in funding from the Global Environment Facility, an African Nature-Based Tourism Collaborative Platform is being developed to connect funders to communities and small and medium enterprises involved in nature-based tourism in eastern and southern Africaand who are most affected by the loss of revenue due to Covid-19. Sailors and Daughters reveals the expansive maritime societies of Zanzibar, the east African coast, and beyond. The kingdom of kush was an empire situated in the Nile Valley from 1070 bc to 550 AD,The kingdom would ultimatly 352-55), which traded East African products to India, the Far East, and the West. Local merchants gathered ivory from the south, gold from the western interior and frankincense and myrrh from northern Africa. Africa has a huge range of coastline which borders not only two oceans, but two seas as well. An ever-growing population dependent on timber and fuel wood continues to put pressure on this dwindling natural resource. Such trade goods as they obtained from the interior were apparently bought by barter at the coast. Swahili, with at least 80million speakers[citation needed] as a first or second language, is an important trade language in the Great Lakes area. Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia, and the Red Sea coast of Sudan are considered the most likely location of the land known to the Ancient Egyptians as Punt. Established 1991, BEST SAFARI PRICES The use of deterrentsnoise or chili peppershas resulted in a dramatic reduction of conflicts and crop field destruction. My modest aim in this paper is to turn a similar spotlight on the East African coast, to re-examine the little-known set of oral histories that includes those . The Gulf Stream, paired with the eastern . The Agulhas Current flows from northeast to southwest, almost hugging the east coast of South Africa, and transports warm water from the Indian down into the Southern Ocean. Elephants, rhinos, lions, wild dogs, and more iconic species roam the landscape. 82 Likes, 0 Comments - skhathisomusa dumani mthembu (@skhathisomusa) on Instagram: "African East coast | tropics #eastafrica #mombasa #coast #ocean #tropicalparadise #beach #film" Best Answer. Most of the peoples of Eritrea and Ethiopiaand some of those in Tanzania and Kenyaspeak languages belonging to the Cushitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic languages. Madagascar is by far the biggest, and a continent on its own when it comes to wildlife. The waters of the Western Indian Ocean also support globally important shrimp and tuna industries. Within this region, WWF works in Kenya, Tanzania and Mozambique and the western part of the Indian Ocean. Author of. The second largest population of savanna elephants in Africa roam across this region in search of food and freshwater. Madagascar is also considered to be the world's fourth-largest island which offers a plethora of unique collection of flora and fauna. The continent is almost centered over the equator stretching from the consistently warm waters of the Mediterranean in the north right down to the frigid South Atlantic in the south. traverses the expanses of the Southern Ocean south of Africa, south of Australia, and the south Pacific. Because of a combination of the region's generally high altitude and the rain shadow of the westerly monsoon winds created by the Rwenzori Mountains and Ethiopian Highlands, East Africa is surprisingly cool and dry for its latitude. All of the states produced pottery. Just off the coast of Kenya, it's a peaceful island, free of cars and surrounded by the Indian Ocean. The South African coastline is 3200 km from Oranjemund on the west coast to the Mozambique border at Ponta do Oura on the east coast. The unique geography and apparent suitability for farming made East Africa a target for European exploration, exploitation and colonialization in the nineteenth century. Each year, tons of flip. Nilotic languages, such as Luo, Kalenjin, Maasai and Nuer, are spoken in lesser numbers, primarily in the African Great Lakes and Nile Valley. The wildlife of East Africa is quite extraordinary, and a cruise can be easily combined with a Kenyan or Tanzanian safari. Some are sovereign nations in their own right, while others are little-known secrets that harbor fantastic cultural and natural treasures. There are protected wildlife areas in southern Tanzania and northern Mozambique, but they are separated by areas with large human populations. ceo@africageographic.com, Travel & conservation company, since 1991,
, Photographer of the Year 2023 Weekly Selection: Week 3, Photographer of the Year 2023 Weekly Selection: Week 2. 1: The Swahili Coast of East Africa | From 1000 to 1500 CE, numerous Swahili states emerged along this 1,000 mile stretch from Mogadishu in the north (present-day Somalia) to Sofala in the south (present-day Mozambique). editors@africageographic.com Here are the possible solutions for "Republic in East Africa, on the Indian Ocean" clue. Its a beautiful part of the world this blue desert with its hidden abundance of life. This Bantu expansion introduced agriculture into much of the African Great Lakes region. WWF also facilitated the organization of local fishing communities and helped build their capacity to combat illegal fishing, create alternative sources of income, and implement environmental education programs. For the entity known as (British) East Africa, see, Somaliland is not included in the United Nations geoscheme, as it is internationally. 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