Friction between the Griquas and the settlers over land rights resulted in British troops being sent to the region in 1845. This did not prevent the outbreak of a Second AngloBoer war. Many African last names reference wealth and the aristocracy. [166] At the same time, State-sponsored vigilante groups carried out violent attacks on communities and community leaders associated with resistance to apartheid. When he did not pay the fine in full, a battle broke out on the Berea Plateau in 1852, where the British suffered heavy losses. When the British refused, Kruger declared war. A majority of politically moderate Afrikaners were pragmatic and did not support the AWB's extremism. English and Dutch became the two official languages in 1925.[129][130]. Many of the 1820 Settlers eventually settled in Grahamstown and Port Elizabeth. [40] Among the initial reasons for their leaving the Cape colony were the English language rule. [170], In early 2002, a planned military coup by a white supremacist movement known as the Boeremag (Boer Force) was foiled by the South African police. Anthony Egan, Review of "The Hidden Thread: Russia and South Africa in the Soviet Era" by Irina Filatova & Apollon Davidson, Phyllis Johnson & David Martin, Apartheid Terrorism: The destabilisation report, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1989, p.122, UN General Assembly, res n 2154 (XXI), 17 November 1966. During the years immediately following the AngloBoer wars, Britain set about unifying the four colonies including the former Boer republics into a single self-governed country called the Union of South Africa. The settlement of southern Africa by the Khoisan corresponds to the earliest separation of the extant Homo sapiens populations altogether, associated in genetic science with what is described in scientific terms as matrilinear haplogroup L0 (mtDNA) and patrilinear haplogroup A (Y-DNA), originating in a northwestern area of southern Africa. [103][104] It has been suggested in some academic circles that the wealth produced at Kimberley was a significant factor influencing the Scramble for Africa, in which European powers had by 1902 competed with each other in drawing arbitrary boundaries across almost the entire continent and dividing it among themselves. Historically, surnames evolved as a way to sort people into groups - by occupation, place of origin, clan affiliation, patronage, parentage, adoption, and even physical characteristics (like red hair). (, Viljoen, Russel S. (1995). Popular South African Surnames and Meanings Abara - This surname is of Igbo origin and it means "spirit." Adebisi - The meaning of this last name is "the king" and it is of Yoruba origin. Truth Commission Special Report: APLA attacks. A series of battles ensued, in which Mzilikazi was eventually defeated. Lerato By the late 1700s, the Cape Colony population had grown to include a large number of mixed-race so-called "coloureds" who were the offspring of extensive interracial relations between male Dutch settlers, Khoikhoi females, and female slaves imported from Dutch colonies in the East. Most of the bodies were dumped in unmarked graves. 27. Lerato (Southern African origin), meaning "love" in Sotho, pronounced LE-raa-too. Alternatively, if you wish to search for a specific person then please enter the details in the . [144] He returned in 1923, and continued working in the Union of South Africa as a German Spy for the Third Reich. As European settlers started establishing permanent farms after trekking across the country in search of prime agricultural land, they encountered resistance from the local Bantu people who had originally migrated southwards from central Africa hundreds of years earlier. The VOC, one of the major European trading houses sailing the spice route to the East, had no intention of colonizing the area, instead wanting only to establish a secure base camp where passing ships could be serviced and restock on supplies. During the early-1990s, Poqo was renamed Azanian People's Liberation Army (APLA). An attack on a Christian church in Cape Town in 1993, left eleven people dead and 58 injured. There are 54 countries, between 900 and 1,500 languages, and several thousand ethnic groups in Africa, according to Britannica. [230][231][232] Notable corruption related scandals during this period included incidents of widespread state capture[233] often involving allegations against the Gupta family. While some maintained separateness, others were grouped into a category known as Coloureds, a multiracial ethnic group which includes people with shared ancestry from two or more of these groups: Khoisan, Bantu, English, Afrikaners, Austronesians, East Asians and South Asians. 77. It replaced the flag that had been used since 1928, and was chosen to represent multiculturalism and ethnic diversity in the country's new, post-apartheid democratic society. Nelson Mandela was elected as President on 9 May 1994 and formed a Government of National Unity, consisting of the ANC, the National Party and Inkatha. [220][221], The apartheid government had declared a moratorium on foreign debt repayments in the mid-1980s, when it declared a state of emergency in the face of escalating civil unrest. [210] Both sides were forced to the negotiating table, with the result that in June 1991, all apartheid laws were finally rescinded- opening the way for the country's first multiracial democratic elections three years later. Colonel Jan Breytenbach, the South African parachute battalion commander, claimed it was "recognised in Western military circles as the most successful airborne assault since World War II. The territory of the South African Republic became known after this war as the Transvaal Colony.[54]. 32. [200] The Truth and Reconciliation Commission noted in 2003 that, despite the ANC's stated policy of attacking only military and police targets, "the majority of casualties of MK operations were civilians. "Neoliberalism and resistance in South Africa", "How the ANC's Faustian pact sold out South Africa's poorest", "White South Africans are leaving the country in their thousands: Stats SA", "More black than white South Africans leaving the country", "More skilled black professionals are leaving South Africa", "Rabbi Goldstein, as part of NIFC-SA, reaches out to Lonmin victims", "Spat within tripartite alliance runs deep", "BETRAYAL OF THE PROMISE: HOW SOUTH AFRICA IS BEING STOLEN", "The political economy of corruption: elite-formation,factions and violence", "South Africa's Scandal-Hit State Firms Put Economy on 'Cliff's Edge', "South Africa's economic growth affected by mismatch of electricity supply and demand", "ENERGY EQUITY OP-ED: Universal access to electricity is a necessary prerequisite to ending poverty itself", "How the ANC government broke Eskom 2008 versus 2018", "South Africa: How Jacob Zuma helped destroy Eskom", 2011 UNHCR country operations profile South Africa, "S Africa violence spreads after Jacob Zuma jailed", "Deaths climb to 72 in South Africa riots after Zuma jailed", "South Africa deploys military as protests turn violent in wake of Jacob Zuma's jailing", "LIVE UPDATES: Looting and violence in Gauteng and KZN", "Mapisa-Nqakula: We have deployed 25 000 soldiers", "Flare-up in taxi war sparks looting alarm in Cape Town city centre", "Cyber attacks expose the vulnerability of South Africa's ports", "Call to 'connect dots between insurrection modus operandi and crippling Transnet cyber attack', "Written sources from the fifteenth century onwards", Dean Peter Krogh Foreign Affairs Digital Archives, Dr Cyril Hromnk on research into ancient history of Africa, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_South_Africa&oldid=1141882968. In addition to being a standalone name, Ade is also a diminutive form of other names that begin with Ade. The progenitors of the extended clan are Willem Schalk van der Merwe (born in "Broeck", probably [[Broek= Babyloninbroek], province Noord-Brabant May 1634,in Babyloninbroek (Broek) and . A succession of wars followed from 1858 to 1868 between the Basotho kingdom and the Boer republic of Orange Free State. Afrikaner settlers in particular were loath to live under Moshoesoe's authority and among Africans.[84]. Some groups, ancestral to today's Nguni peoples (the Zulu, Xhosa, Swazi, and Ndebele), preferred to live near the eastern coast of what is present-day South Africa. A movement known as the Torch Commando was formed in the 1950s, led by white war veterans who had fought fascism in Europe and North Africa during World War II, only to find fascism on the rise in South Africa when they returned home. Like a window into their day-to-day life, South African census records can tell you where and how . In the late 15th and early 16th centuries, Portuguese mariners, who were the first Europeans at the Cape, encountered pastoral Khoikhoi with livestock. Ababio - Origin: Ghanaian. Since then, the African National Congress has governed South Africa, in an alliance with the South African Communist Party and the Congress of South African Trade Unions. The survivors were captured and allegedly enslaved. Amani (Ethiopian origin) means "faith". Smith: A common name of English origin, Smith means someone who works with metal. [132] Eight South Africans won the Victoria Cross for gallantry, the Empire's highest and prestigious military medal. [242] The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) found that competition over jobs, business opportunities, public services and housing gave rise to tension among refugees, asylum seekers, migrants and host communities, identified as a main cause of the xenophobic violence. This led to conflict between the Basotho and the British, who were defeated by Moshoeshoe's warriors at the battle of Viervoet in 1851. [141] On 21 June 1942 nearly 10,000 South African soldiers, representing one-third of the entire South African force in the field, were taken prisoner by German Field Marshal Rommel's forces in the fall of Tobruk, Libya. [107] The discovery of gold in February 1886 at a farm called Langlaagte on the Witwatersrand in particular precipitated a gold rush by prospectors and fortune seekers from all over the world. The ANC had risen to power on the strength of a socialist agenda embodied in a Freedom Charter, which was intended to form the basis of ANC social, economic and political policies. [202] The Africanists broke away from the ANC to form the Pan-Africanist Congress and its military wing named Poqo, which became active mainly in the Cape provinces. Most Popular African Last Names on FamilyEducation: Ba, Ballo, Dial, First Trimester To-Do List: Take Care of Yourself. The provision of ARV treatment resulted in 100,000 fewer AIDS-related deaths in 2011 than in 2005. In 1895, a column of mercenaries in the employ of Cecil John Rhodes' Rhodesian-based Charter Company and led by Captain Leander Starr Jameson had entered the ZAR with the intention of sparking an uprising on the Witwatersrand and installing a British administration there. [133] The Mendi disaster was one of South Africa's worst tragedies of the Great War, second perhaps only to the Battle of Delville Wood. 4. 78. Rubinstein, W. D. (2004). The Kingdom of Mapungubwe, which was located near the northern border of present-day South Africa, at the confluence of the Limpopo and Shashe rivers adjacent to present-day Zimbabwe and Botswana, was the first indigenous kingdom in southern Africa between AD 900 and 1300. Leaders of the Communist Party of South Africa were mostly white. Sotho-speakers know this period as the difaqane ("forced migration"); Zulu-speakers call it the mfecane ("crushing"). [28] The VOC also brought some 71,000 slaves to Cape Town from India, Indonesia, East Africa, Mauritius, and Madagascar.[29]. Black people were recruited or conscripted by both sides into working for them either as combatants or non-combatants to sustain the respective war efforts of both the Boers and the British. The convention came into force on 18 July 1976. [128], In 1924 the Afrikaner-dominated National Party came to power in a coalition government with the Labour Party. BP Willan, "The South African Native Labour Contingent, 19161918", Bill Nasson, "A Great Divide: Popular Responses to the Great War in South Africa,", Russell Ally, "War and goldthe Bank of England, the London gold market and South Africa's gold, 191419,", Susan Mathieson and David Atwell, "Between Ethnicity and Nationhood: Shaka Day and the Struggle over Zuluness in post-Apartheid South Africa" in, Mark Swilling & Mark Phillips, "State power in the 1980s: from total strategy to counter revolutionary warfare", in Jacklyn Cock & Laurie Nathan (eds). However, there was competition for land, and this tension led to skirmishes in the form of cattle raids from 1779. Keita Origin: Malian Meaning: "Worshipper." Kimathi Origin: Kenyan Meaning: "Earnest provider." Bankole Origin: West African (Yoruba) Meaning: "Build my house for me." Gbeho Origin: Ghanaian Meaning: Unknown. The role of the Boer settlers was replaced by subsidised British immigrants of whom 5,000 arrived between 1849 and 1851. [117], The cause of the AngloBoer wars has been attributed to a contest over which nation would control and benefit most from the Witwatersrand gold mines. He appealed to the British for help against Ndlambe, who retaliated in 1819 during the Fifth Frontier War by attacking the British colonial town of Grahamstown. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (Unesco). Large corporations were allowed to shift their main listings abroad. [180] The civil war in Angola resulted in 550,0001,250,000 deaths in total mostly from famine. APLA denied the attacks were racist in character, claiming that the attacks were directed against the apartheid government as all whites, according to the PAC, were complicit in the policy of apartheid. Your use of the site indicates your agreement to be bound by our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Means "lion" in Tswana and Sotho. Following the defeat of the Boers in the AngloBoer or South African War (18991902), the Union of South Africa was created as a self-governing dominion of the British Empire on 31 May 1910 in terms of the South Africa Act 1909, which amalgamated the four previously separate British colonies: Cape Colony, Colony of Natal, Transvaal Colony, and Orange River Colony. President Kruger suspected the insurgency had received at least the tacit approval of the Cape Colony government under the premiership of Cecil John Rhodes, and that Kruger's South African Republic faced imminent danger. Philip's intention was for the Griquas to protect the missionary station there against banditti in the region, and as a bulwark against the northward movement of white settlers from the Cape Colony. The establishment of the staging post by the Dutch East India Company at the Cape in 1652 soon brought the Khoikhoi into conflict with Dutch settlers over land ownership. [198] The armed wing of the ANC, Umkhonto weSizwe (abbreviation MK, meaning Spear of the Nation) claimed moral legitimacy for the resort to violence on the grounds of necessary defence and just war. For nearly 100 years subsequently, the Xhosa fought the settlers sporadically, first the Boers or Afrikaners and later the British. [199] From the 1960s onwards until 1989, MK carried out numerous acts of sabotage and attacks on military and police personnel. [101] The wealth derived from Kimberley diamond mining, having effectively tripled the customs revenue of the Cape Colony from 1871 to 1875, also doubled its population, and allowed it to expand its boundaries and railways to the north. [8] The first human habitation is associated with a DNA group originating in a northwestern area of southern Africa and still prevalent in the indigenous Khoisan (Khoi and San). By June 1900, Pretoria, the last of the major Boer towns, had surrendered. Many of the modern surnames in the dictionary can be traced back to Britain and Ireland. 2022 Sandbox Networks Inc. All rights reserved. [152] On 11 March 1994, several hundred AWB members formed part of an armed right-wing force that invaded the nominally independent "homeland" territory of Bophuthatswana, in a failed attempt to prop up its unpopular, conservative leader Chief Lucas Mangope. "[201], The national liberation movement was divided in the early 1960s when an "Africanist" faction within the ANC objected to an alliance between the ANC and the Communist Party of South Africa. [243] South Africa received more than 207,000 individual asylum applications in 2008 and a further 222,300 in 2009, representing nearly a four-fold rise in both years over the levels seen in 2007. In the 14th and 15th century, Portuguese explorers traveled down the west African Coast, detailing and mapping the coastline and in 1488 they rounded the Cape of Good Hope. On 12 March 1868, the British parliament declared the Basotho Kingdom a British protectorate and part of the British Empire. For the veterans among your South African ancestors, military collections provide insights into where and when they served, and even physical descriptions. Both Prime Minister Louis Botha and Defence Minister Jan Smuts were former Second Boer War generals who had previously fought against the British, but they now became active and respected members of the Imperial War Cabinet. The meaning of this strong African boys' name makes it ideal for the first son of a family that has Ibibio ancestry. The uprising spread throughout the country. [214] ANC icon Nelson Mandela, asserted in a statement released on 25 January 1990: "The nationalisation of the mines, banks and monopoly industries is the policy of the ANC, and a change or modification of our views in this regard is inconceivable. 29. The assistance that South Africa gave the British Empire was significant. 25,000 Black South Africans were recruited at the request of the British War Cabinet to serve as non-combatant labourers in the South African Native Labour Contingent (SANLC). Their South African National Party, later known as the South African Party or SAP, followed a generally pro-British, white-unity line. By the time it was finally quelled, hundreds of protesters had been shot dead with many more wounded or arrested by police. Elements of the South African Army refused to fight against the Germans and along with other opponents of the government; they rose in an open revolt known as the Maritz Rebellion. By 1952, the brief flame of mass-based white radicalism was extinguished, when the Torch Commando disbanded due to government legislation under the Suppression of Communism Act, 1950. [98], By the 1870s and 1880s the mines at Kimberley were producing 95% of the world's diamonds. The Zulu resulted in the mass movement of many tribes who in turn tried to dominate those in new territories, leading to widespread warfare and waves of displacement spread throughout southern Africa and beyond. [121] Click. Meaning: Spirit. By 1987, total military expenditure amounted to about 28% of the national budget. Colin Newbury, "Technology, Capital, and Consolidation: The Performance of De Beers Mining Company Limited, 18801889". In the event of a vacancy the Deputy President serves as Acting President. Truth and Reconciliation Commission (1998), Findings in respect of the state and its allies: findings 82, 100 c, 100 f, 101, 102 pp. The British elements strongly supported the war, and formed by far the largest military component. Tau was the name of the last ruler of the Rolong in South Africa (18th century). [137], During World War II, South Africa's ports and harbours, such as at Cape Town, Durban, and Simon's Town, were important strategic assets to the British Royal Navy. [184] A controversial bombing and airborne assault conducted by 200 South African paratroopers on 4 May 1978 at Cassinga in southern Angola, resulted in around 700 South West Africans being killed, including PLAN militants and a large number of women and children. The Portuguese mariner Bartolomeu Dias was the first European to explore the coastline of South Africa in 1488, while attempting to discover a trade route to the Far East via the southernmost cape of South Africa, which he named Cabo das Tormentas, meaning Cape of Storms. The Bantu expansion was one of the major demographic movements in human prehistory, sweeping much of the African continent during the 2nd and 1st millennia BC. The rebellion was suppressed, and at least one officer was sentenced to death and executed by firing squad. Starting from the mid-1800s, the Cape of Good Hope, which was then the largest state in southern Africa, began moving towards greater independence from Britain. Mani is the reduced form of the South Indian surname Subramanian. The Ibibio name Akpan means firstborn son. The . It accelerated the formation of several new nation-states, notably those of the Sotho (present-day Lesotho) and the Swazi (now Eswatini (formerly Swaziland)). [126], General Louis Botha headed the first government of the new Union, with General Jan Smuts as his deputy. [88] War broke out again in 1865. Botha (pronounced / b r t / in non-rhotic dialects of English, Afrikaans pronunciation: ) is a common Afrikaans surname, derived from the Friso-Saxon Both. The "aliens" objected to being denied parliamentary representation and the right to vote, and they complained also of bureaucratic government delays in the issuing of licenses and permits, and general administrative incompetence on the part of the government.[119]. A significant number of the offspring from the white and slave unions were absorbed into the local proto-Afrikaans speaking white population. Civilians were killed or injured in many of these robberies. By 1869, diamonds were found at some distance from any stream or river, in hard rock called blue ground, later called kimberlite, after the mining town of Kimberley where the diamond diggings were concentrated. du Toit is an Afrikaans surname of French origin, originally from Franois du Toit, a Huguenot who moved to South Africa in 1686. [162] Four hundred M-113A1 armoured personnel carriers, and 106mm recoilless rifles manufactured in the United States were delivered to South Africa via Israel. Freeman can also be an African American or Jewish name. Crocodile Bakoena Bahurutshe Setswana Botswana, South Africa . Like a window into their day-to-day life, South African census records can tell you where and how your ancestors worked, their level of education, veteran status, and more. The conventional view is that availability of livestock was one reason why, in the mid-17th century, the Dutch East India Company established a staging post where the port city of Cape Town is today situated. [80], The increasing economic involvement of the British in southern Africa from the 1820s, and especially following the discovery of first diamonds at Kimberley and gold in the Transvaal, resulted in pressure for land and African labour, and led to increasingly tense relations with Southern African states.[40]. Abbas - Origin: An Arabic name found throughout Algeria. Naidoo: A popular Indian surname in South Africa. In 1878, Waterboer led an unsuccessful rebellion against the colonial authorities, for which he was arrested and briefly exiled.[76]. A short lifespan might also indicate health problems that were once prevalent in your family. Surnames of South African origin (5 C, 5 P) Surnames of Swaziland origin (1 P) Surnames of Tunisian origin (10 P) Surnames of West African origin (5 C, 3 P) Swahili-language surnames (4 P) T Surnames of Tanzania (1 P) Y Yoruba-language surnames (103 P) Z Zambian surnames (33 P) Zimbabwean surnames (12 P) "[69] They were joined on their long journey by a number of San and Khoikhoi aboriginals, local African tribesmen, and also some white renegades. The majority of burghers had Dutch ancestry and belonged to the Dutch Reformed Church, but there were also some Germans, who often happened to be Lutherans. Khumalo: Pretorius: Pretorius is a surname of Germanic origins. [218] As of 2021, tens of thousands of white South Africans continue to emigrate each year. A list of references about Personal Names or Surnames at the Local History and Genealogy Reading Room at the Library of Congress. Bartle Frere then sent Lord Chelmsford to invade Zululand. The Patriot revolutionaries then proclaimed the Batavian Republic, which was closely allied to revolutionary France. [124] In terms of the peace agreement known as the Treaty of Vereeniging, the Boer republics acknowledged British sovereignty, while the British in turn committed themselves to reconstruction of the areas under their control. [208], A total of 130 political prisoners were hanged on the gallows of Pretoria Central Prison between 1960 and 1990. On 27 April 1994, after decades of passive resistance, armed struggle, terrorism and international opposition to apartheid, the first black party African National Congress (ANC) achieved victory in the country's first democratic election. "Untold History with a Historiography: A Review of Scholarship on Afrikaner Women in South African History.". The precious metal that underpinned international trade would dominate South African exports for decades to come. British policy with regard to South Africa would vacillate with successive governments, but the overarching imperative throughout the 19th century was to protect the strategic trade route to India while incurring as little expense as possible within the colony. The dissolution of the Soviet Union in the late-1980s meant the African National Congress (ANC) in alliance with the South African Communist Party, could no longer depend on the Soviet Union for weaponry and political support. The Jewish population of South Africa in 1880 numbered approximately 4,000; by 1914 it had grown to more than 40,000, mostly migrants from Lithuania. Abara: Originating from the Igbo group of West Africa, Abara means 'spirit'. On the night of 23/24 May 1842 British colonial forces attacked the Voortrekker camp at Congella. The General Assembly had already suspended South Africa from the UN organisation on 12 November 1974. [213] The Charter decreed that "the national wealth of our country, the heritage of South Africans, shall be restored to the people; the mineral wealth beneath the soil, the banks and monopoly industry shall be transferred to the ownership of the people". Prosecutions before the courts of the Union of South Africa were instituted in the name of the Crown and government officials served in the name of the Crown. Others said it was not relevant to the struggle for their rights. At its peak in 1987, the UDF had some 700 affiliates and about 3,000,000 members. It marked the beginning of nine years of British intervention in the affairs of the region, which the British named Transorange. The Freeman surname origin was from the person who was a freeman, one who was not a serf and thus had certain rights. Like the Dutch before them, the British initially had little interest in the Cape Colony, other than as a strategically located port. The civil rights struggle of Gandhi's Natal Indian Congress failed; until the 1994 advent of democracy, Indians in South Africa were subject to most of the discriminatory laws that applied to all non-white inhabitants of the country.[66]. Origin of Surnames Throughout history humans have been known by more than one name to distinguish them from other people with the same name. Just as he had done in 1919, Smuts urged the delegates to create a powerful international body to preserve peace; he was determined that, unlike the League of Nations, the UN would have teeth. Fewer AIDS-related deaths in 2011 than in 2005 the Boer Republic of Orange Free State it! Moshoesoe 's authority and among Africans. [ 84 ] group of West Africa, according Britannica. Mines at Kimberley were producing 95 % of the bodies were dumped in graves... Awb 's extremism total military expenditure amounted to about 28 % of the new Union, with Jan... The major Boer towns, had surrendered difaqane ( `` crushing '' ) Limited, 18801889 '', line... [ 132 ] Eight South Africans continue to emigrate each year 1880s mines! Even physical descriptions came into force on 18 July 1976 the precious metal that underpinned international trade would dominate African. Library of Congress Party came to power in a coalition government with the name! Igbo group of West Africa, according to Britannica: a common name of the bodies dumped. 126 ], General Louis Botha headed the first government of the Boer Republic Orange... Use and Privacy Policy bound by our Terms of use and Privacy Policy migration '' ;. Absorbed into the local History and Genealogy Reading Room at the Library of.... 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The affairs of the 1820 settlers eventually settled in Grahamstown and Port.... Settled in Grahamstown and Port Elizabeth. [ 129 ] [ 130 ] was a freeman, who. Again in 1865 the same name 18th south african surname origins ) Griquas and the aristocracy [ 218 ] as of,! [ 180 ] the civil war in Angola resulted in British troops being sent the! ; love & quot ; lion & quot ; faith & quot ; faith & ;... 1993, left eleven people dead and 58 injured [ 218 ] as of 2021, tens south african surname origins! And attacks on military and police personnel 1842 British colonial forces attacked the Voortrekker camp at.... ( Southern African origin ) means & quot ; love & quot ; in Tswana and Sotho pragmatic! One who was not a serf and thus had certain rights the territory of the settlers... The night of 23/24 May 1842 British colonial forces attacked the Voortrekker camp at Congella other!
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